Login
Introduction
|
Help
|
Contact Us
|
20th Edition
|
Quick Style Guide
Table of Contents
|
Index
Currently viewing version
20
Print this Page
Table of Contents
Bluepages Rules
Introduction
B1
Structure of Legal Citations
B1.1
Citation Sentences and Clauses
B1.2
Introductory Signals
B1.3
Explanatory Parentheticals
B2
Typeface for Court Documents
B3
Subdivisions
B4
Short Citation Forms
B5
Quotations
B5.1
Generally
B5.2
Block Quotations
B6
Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols
B7
Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances
B8
Capitalization
B9
Titles of Judges
B10
Cases
B10.1
Full Citation
B10.1.1
Case Name
B10.1.2
Reporters and Pinpoint Citations
B10.1.3
Court and Year of Decision
B10.1.4
Pending and Unreported Cases
B10.1.5
Weight of Authority and Explanatory Parentheticals
B10.1.6
Prior or Subsequent History
B10.2
Short Form Citation
B11
Constitutions
B12
Statutes, Rules, and Restatements
B12.1
Full Citation
B12.1.1
Federal Statutes
B12.1.2
State Statutes
B12.1.3
Procedural Rules, Restatements, Uniform Acts, and Similar Materials
B12.1.4
Federal Tax Materials
B12.2
Short Form Citation
B13
Legislative Materials
B14
Administrative and Executive Materials
B15
Books and Other Nonperiodic Materials
B15.1
Full Citation
B15.2
Short Form Citation
B16
Periodical Materials
B16.1
Full Citation
B16.1.1
Consecutively Paginated Journals
B16.1.2
Nonconsecutively Paginated Journals and Magazines
B16.1.3
Student-Written Work
B16.1.4
Newspaper Articles
B16.2
Short Form Citation
B17
Court and Litigation Documents
B17.1
Full Citation
B17.1.1
Abbreviation
B17.1.2
Pinpoint Citations
B17.1.3
Date
B17.1.4
Electronic Case Filings (ECF)
B17.2
Short Form Citation
B18
The Internet
B18.1
Full Citation
B18.1.1
Direct Citations
B18.1.2
Parallel Citations
B18.2
Short Form Citation
B19
Services
B20
Foreign Materials
B21
International Materials
Bluepages Tables
BT1
Court Documents
BT2
Jurisdiction-Specific Citation Rules and Style Guides
BT2.1
Federal Courts
BT2.2
State Courts
BT2.3
Territories
Rules
1
Structure and Use of Citations
1.1
Citation Sentences and Clauses in Law Reviews
(a)
Text.
(b)
Footnotes.
(i)
Citation sentences.
(ii)
Citation clauses.
(c)
Example.
1.2
Introductory Signals
(a)
Signals that indicate support.
(b)
Signal that suggests a useful comparison.
(c)
Signals that indicate contradiction.
(d)
Signal that indicates background material.
(e)
Signals as verbs.
1.3
Order of Signals
1.4
Order of Authorities Within Each Signal
(a)
Constitutions
(b)
Statutes
(c)
Treaties and other international agreements
(d)
Cases
(e)
Legislative materials
(f)
Administrative and executive materials
(g)
Resolutions, decisions, and regulations of intergovernmental organizations
(h)
Records, briefs, and petitions
(i)
Secondary materials
(j)
Cross-references
1.5
Parenthetical Information
(a)
Substantive information.
(i)
Phrases not quoting the authority.
(ii)
Phrases quoting the authority.
(b)
Order of parentheticals within a citation.
1.6
Related Authority
(a)
Related authority intended to increase access.
(i)
“In.”
(ii)
“Reprinted in.”
(iii)
Other phrases.
(b)
Relevant history.
(c)
Commentary.
2
Typefaces for Law Reviews
2.1
Typeface Conventions for Citations
(a)
Case names
(b)
Books
(c)
Periodicals
(d)
Introductory signals
(e)
Explanatory phrases
(f)
Punctuation.
2.2
Typeface Conventions for Textual Material
(a)
Main text.
(i)
Case names.
(ii)
Titles of publications, speeches, or articles.
(iii)
Style.
(b)
Footnote text.
(i)
Case names.
(ii)
All other authorities.
(iii)
Explanatory parentheticals.
(c)
Punctuation.
3
Subdivisions
3.1
Volumes, Parts, and Supplements
(a)
Volumes.
(b)
Separately paginated numbered parts.
(c)
Supplements.
3.2
Pages, Footnotes, Endnotes, and Graphical Materials
(a)
Pages.
(b)
Footnotes.
(c)
Endnotes.
(d)
Graphical materials.
3.3
Sections and Paragraphs
(a)
Subsections.
(b)
Multiple sections and subsections.
(c)
Multiple paragraphs.
3.4
Appended Material
3.5
Internal Cross-References
4
Short Citation Forms
4.1
“
Id.
”
4.2
“
Supra
” and “Hereinafter”
(a)
“
Supra.
”
(b)
“Hereinafter.”
5
Quotations
5.1
Formatting of Quotations
(a)
Quotations of fifty or more words.
(i)
Indentation and quotation marks.
(ii)
Footnote and citation placement.
(iii)
Paragraph structure.
(b)
Quotations of forty-nine or fewer words.
(i)
Indentation and quotation marks.
(ii)
Footnote and citation placement.
(iii)
Paragraph structure.
(iv)
Punctuation.
5.2
Alterations and Quotations Within Quotations
(a)
Substitution of letters or words.
(b)
Omission of letters.
(c)
Mistakes in original.
(d)
Changes to citations.
(e)
Quotations within quotations.
(f)
Internal quotation marks.
5.3
Omissions
(a)
When using quoted language as a phrase or clause.
(b)
When using quoted language as a full sentence.
(c)
When omitting a footnote or citation.
6
Abbreviations, Numerals, and Symbols
6.1
Abbreviations
(a)
Spacing.
(b)
Periods.
6.2
Numerals and Symbols
(a)
Numerals.
(b)
Ordinals.
(c)
Section (§) and paragraph (¶) symbols.
(d)
Dollar ($) and percent (%) symbols.
7
Italicization for Style and in Unique Circumstances
(a)
Emphasis.
(b)
Foreign words and phrases.
(c)
Letters representing hypothetical parties, places, or things.
(d)
The lowercase letter “l.”
(e)
Mathematical expressions.
8
Capitalization
(a)
Headings and titles.
(b)
Internet main page titles and URLs.
(c)
Text.
(i)
Nouns that identify specific persons, officials, groups, government offices, or government bodies.
(ii)
Exceptions.
9
Titles of Judges, Officials, and Terms of Court
(a)
Justices and judges.
(b)
Ordering.
(c)
Term of court.
10
Cases
10.1
Basic Citation Forms
10.2
Case Names
10.2.1
General Rules for Case Names
(a)
Actions and parties cited.
(b)
Procedural phrases.
(c)
Abbreviations.
(d)
“The.”
(e)
Descriptive terms.
(f)
Geographical terms.
(g)
Given names or initials.
(h)
Business firm designations.
(i)
Union and local union names.
(j)
Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
(k)
Common names different from name in reporter.
10.2.2
Additional Rules for Case Names in Citations
10.3
Reporters and Other Sources
10.3.1
Parallel Citations and Which Source(s) to Cite
(a)
Parallel citations in state court documents.
(b)
Case citations in all other documents.
10.3.2
Reporters
10.3.3
Public Domain Format
10.4
Court and Jurisdiction
(a)
Federal courts.
(b)
State courts.
10.5
Date or Year
(a)
Decisions published in reporters.
(b)
Decisions published in other sources.
(c)
Pending cases and cases dismissed without opinion.
(d)
Multiple decisions within a single year.
10.6
Parenthetical Information Regarding Cases
10.6.1
Weight of Authority
(a)
Generally.
(b)
“Mem.” and “per curiam.”
(c)
Seriatim opinions.
10.6.2
Quoting/Citing Parentheticals in Case Citations
10.6.3
Order of Parentheticals
10.7
Prior and Subsequent History
10.7.1
Explanatory Phrases and Weight of Authority
(a)
Prior or subsequent history.
(b)
Significance of disposition.
(c)
Overruled, abrogated, and superseded cases.
(i)
Overruled cases.
(ii)
Abrogated cases.
(iii)
Cases superseded by statute or constitutional amendment.
(d)
Multiple dispositions.
10.7.2
Different Case Name on Appeal
(a)
Name changes in subsequent history.
(b)
Name changes in prior history.
(c)
Exceptions.
10.8
Special Citation Forms
10.8.1
Pending and Unreported Cases
(a)
Cases available on electronic media.
(b)
Cases available in slip opinions.
(c)
Other pending and unreported cases.
(d)
Depublished cases.
10.8.2
Fifth Circuit Split
10.8.3
Briefs, Court Filings, and Transcripts
10.8.4
Court Administrative Orders
10.9
Short Forms for Cases
(a)
Footnotes.
(i)
Generally.
(ii)
Commercial electronic databases.
(iii)
Slip opinions.
(b)
Two exceptions when using “id.”
(i)
“Id.” for different opinions.
(ii)
“Id.” for parallel citations.
(c)
Text.
11
Constitutions
12
Statutes
12.1
Basic Citation Forms
12.2
Choosing the Proper Citation Form
12.2.1
General Rule
(a)
Statutes currently in force.
(b)
Statutes no longer in force.
(c)
Private laws.
12.2.2
Exceptions
(a)
Scattered statutes.
(b)
Historical fact.
(c)
Materially different language.
12.3
Current Official and Unofficial Codes
12.3.1
Additional Information
(a)
Name and original section number.
(b)
Title, chapter, or volume.
(c)
Subject-matter codes.
(d)
Publisher, editor, or compiler.
(e)
Supplements.
(f)
Compilations of uncodified laws.
(g)
Appendices.
(h)
Notes
12.3.2
Year of Code
12.4
Session Laws
(a)
Name.
(b)
Volume.
(c)
Pages and sections.
(d)
Session laws amending prior acts.
(e)
Year or date.
(f)
Codification information.
12.5
Electronic Media and Online Sources
(a)
Commercial electronic databases.
(b)
Internet and online sources.
12.6
Other Secondary Sources
12.7
Invalidation, Repeal, Amendment, and Prior History
12.7.1
Invalidation
12.7.2
Repeal
12.7.3
Amendment
12.7.4
Prior History
12.8
Explanatory Parenthetical Phrases
12.9
Special Citation Forms
12.9.1
Internal Revenue Code
12.9.2
Ordinances
12.9.3
Rules of Evidence and Procedure
12.9.4
Model Codes, Principles, Restatements, Standards, Sentencing Guidelines, and Uniform Acts
12.9.5
ABA Code of Professional Responsibility and Opinions on Ethics
12.10
Short Forms for Statutes
(a)
Text.
(b)
Citations.
(c)
“Section.”
(d)
Electronic sources.
13
Legislative Materials
13.1
Basic Citation Forms
13.2
Bills and Resolutions
(a)
Unenacted federal bills and resolutions.
(b)
Enacted federal bills and resolutions.
(c)
State bills and resolutions.
13.3
Hearings
(a)
Federal committee hearings.
(b)
State committee hearings.
13.4
Reports, Documents, and Committee Prints
(a)
Numbered federal reports and documents.
(b)
Titles and authors.
(c)
Unnumbered federal documents and committee prints.
(d)
Federal legislative agency reports.
(e)
Federal legislative journals.
(f)
State materials.
13.5
Debates
13.6
Separately Bound Legislative Histories
13.7
Electronic Media and Online Sources
(a)
Commercial electronic databases.
(b)
Internet and online sources.
13.8
Short Forms for Legislative Materials
(a)
Main text.
(b)
Footnote text.
(c)
Citations.
(d)
Electronic sources.
14
Administrative and Executive Materials
14.1
Basic Citation Forms
14.2
Rules, Regulations, and Other Publications
(a)
Final rules and regulations.
(b)
Proposed rules, other notices, and comments.
(c)
Regular reports.
(d)
Other publications.
14.3
Administrative Adjudications and Arbitrations
14.3.1
Names
(a)
Administrative adjudications.
(b)
Arbitrations.
14.3.2
Which Source(s) to Cite
(a)
Official reporters.
(b)
Official releases and slip opinions.
(c)
Services and electronic databases.
14.3.3
Issuing Agency
14.4
Commercial Electronic Databases
14.5
Short Forms for Regulations
(a)
Main text.
(b)
Footnote text.
(c)
Citations.
(d)
Electronic sources.
15
Books, Reports, and Other Nonperiodic Materials
15.1
Author
(a)
Two authors.
(b)
More than two authors.
(c)
Institutional authors.
(d)
Abbreviations.
15.2
Editor or Translator
(a)
Basic format.
(b)
Institutional editors.
(c)
No named parties.
15.3
Title
15.4
Edition, Publisher, and Date
(a)
Editions.
(i)
Single edition.
(ii)
Multiple editions by the same publisher.
(iii)
Editions not by the original publisher.
(b)
Photoduplicated reprints.
(c)
Pre-1900 works.
(d)
Supplements.
15.5
Shorter Works in Collection
15.5.1
Works in Collection Generally
(a)
Works by various authors.
(b)
Works by the same author.
15.5.2
Collected Documents
(a)
Documents originally published.
(b)
Documents originally unpublished.
15.6
Prefaces, Forewords, Introductions, and Epilogues
15.7
Serial Number
(a)
Series issued by the author.
(b)
Series issued by one other than the author.
15.8
Special Citation Forms
(a)
Frequently cited works.
(b)
Star edition.
(c)
Other named works.
(i)
The Federalist.
(ii)
Manual for Complex Litigation.
(iii)
The Bible.
(iv)
Shakespeare.
(v)
The Bluebook.
15.9
Electronic Media and Online Sources
(a)
Commercial electronic databases.
(b)
Internet and online sources.
(c)
Ebooks.
15.10
Short Citation Forms
15.10.1
Short Forms for Works in Collection
16
Periodical Materials
16.1
Basic Citation Forms
16.2
Author
16.3
Title
16.4
Consecutively Paginated Journals
16.5
Nonconsecutively Paginated Journals and Magazines
16.6
Newspapers
(a)
In general.
(b)
Place of publication.
(c)
Consecutively paginated newspapers.
(d)
Wire services.
(e)
Commercial electronic databases.
(f)
Internet and online newspapers.
16.7
Special Citation Forms
16.7.1
Student-Written Law Review Materials
(a)
Signed, student-written materials.
(b)
Unsigned, student-written materials.
(c)
Student-written book reviews.
16.7.2
Non-Student-Written Book Reviews
16.7.3
Symposia, Colloquia, and Surveys
16.7.4
Commentaries and Other Special Designations
16.7.5
Multipart Articles
16.7.6
Annotations
16.7.7
Proceedings, Regular Publications by Institutes, and ABA Section Reports
16.7.8
Newsletters and Other Noncommercially Distributed Periodicals
16.8
Electronic Media and Online Sources
(a)
Commercial electronic databases.
(b)
Internet and online sources.
16.9
Short Citation Forms
(a)
Id.
(b)
Supra.
17
Unpublished and Forthcoming Sources
17.1
Basic Citation Forms
17.2
Unpublished Materials
17.2.1
Manuscripts
17.2.2
Dissertations and Theses
17.2.3
Letters, Memoranda, and Press Releases
17.2.4
E-mail Correspondence and Listserv Postings
17.2.5
Interviews
17.2.6
Speeches and Addresses
17.3
Forthcoming Publications
17.4
Working Papers
17.5
Electronic Media and Online Sources
(a)
Commercial electronic databases.
(b)
Internet and online sources.
17.6
Short Citation Forms
18
The Internet, Electronic Media, and Other Nonprint Resources
18.1
Basic Citation Forms
(a)
Internet Sources (rule 18.2)
(b)
Non-Internet Electronic Sources (rules 18.3–.7)
18.2
The Internet
18.2.1
General Internet Citation Principles
(a)
Sources that can be cited as if to the original print source.
(i)
Authenticated documents.
(ii)
Official versions.
(iii)
Exact copies.
(b)
Sources where the URL should be appended.
(i)
Obscure sources.
(ii)
Online sources with print characteristics.
(c)
Order of authorities and parentheticals.
(d)
Archival.
18.2.2
Citations to Internet Sources
(a)
Author.
(b)
Titles.
(i)
Main page titles.
(ii)
Titles for pages other than the main page.
(iii)
Titles for blogs contained within a larger website.
(iv)
Descriptive titles.
(v)
Titles for social media posts.
(c)
Date and time.
(d)
The URL.
(e)
Multiple URLs.
(f)
Document format.
(g)
Pinpoint citations.
18.3
Commercial Electronic Databases
18.4
CD-ROM and Other Electronic Storage Media
(a)
Print form preferred.
(b)
Citation format.
18.5
Microform
18.5.1
Microform Collections Reproducing Preexisting Materials
18.5.2
Microform Collections Containing Original Materials
18.6
Films, Broadcasts, and Noncommercial Video Materials
18.7
Audio Recordings
18.7.1
Commercial Recordings
18.7.2
Noncommercial Recordings
18.7.3
Podcasts and Recordings Available Online
18.8
Short Citation Forms
(a)
Internet.
(b)
Commercial electronic databases.
(c)
CD-ROM and microform.
(d)
Films, broadcasts, and audio recordings.
19
Services
19.1
Citation Form for Services
(a)
Volume.
(b)
Publisher.
(c)
Subdivision.
(d)
Date.
19.2
Short Citation Forms
(a)
Cases.
(b)
Other materials.
20
Foreign Materials
20.1
Jurisdiction
20.2
Non-English-Language Documents
20.2.1
Documents Appearing in More than One Language
20.2.2
Titles and Names of Documents in Languages Other than English
(a)
Original language and translation.
(b)
Capitalization.
20.2.3
Abbreviations in Languages Other than English
20.2.4
Languages That Do Not Use the Roman Alphabet
(a)
Languages generally.
(b)
Chinese language.
(i)
Chinese language romanization.
(ii)
Chinese personal names.
(A)
Chinese language sources.
(B)
English language sources.
20.2.5
Citations to Translations of Non-English-Language Documents
20.3
Cases
20.3.1
Common Law Cases
20.3.2
Civil Law and Other Non-Common Law Cases
(a)
Name of the court.
(b)
Source.
(c)
Jurisdiction.
(d)
Annotations.
20.4
Constitutions
20.5
Statutes
20.5.1
Statutes in Common Law Systems
20.5.2
Statutes in Civil Law and Other Non-Common Law Jurisdictions
20.6
Non-English-Language and Foreign Periodicals
(a)
In general.
(b)
Foreign-language sources.
20.7
Short Citation Forms
(a)
Cases.
(b)
Constitutions.
(c)
Statutes.
(d)
Periodicals.
21
International Materials
21.1
Basic Citation Forms
(a)
Treaties and other international agreements.
(b)
International law cases.
(c)
International arbitrations.
(d)
United Nations sources.
(e)
European Union materials.
(f)
World Trade Organization.
21.2
Non-English-Language Documents
21.3
Jurisdiction Not Evident from Context
21.4
Treaties and Other International Agreements
21.4.1
Name of the Agreement
(a)
First citation.
(i)
Form of agreement.
(ii)
Subject matter.
(b)
Subsequent citations.
21.4.2
Parties to the Agreement
21.4.3
Subdivisions
21.4.4
Date of Signing
21.4.5
Treaty Sources
(a)
Agreements to which the United States is a party.
(i)
Bilateral treaties.
(ii)
Multilateral treaties.
(b)
Agreements to which the United States is not a party.
(c)
Unofficial treaty sources.
21.5
International Law Cases
21.5.1
The International Court of Justice and the Permanent Court of International Justice
(a)
Case name.
(b)
Parties’ names.
(c)
Volume number and name of publication.
(d)
Page or case number.
(e)
Date.
(f)
Separately published pleadings.
(g)
Court rules and acts.
(h)
Online materials.
21.5.2
European Union Courts
(a)
Official reports.
(b)
Private services.
21.5.3
European Court of Human Rights
21.5.4
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
21.5.5
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
(a)
Advisory Opinions.
(b)
Contentious Cases.
(c)
Provisional Measures.
(d)
Compliances with Judgment.
21.5.6
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
21.5.7
International Criminal Court and Other Tribunals
21.5.8
Other International Courts
21.5.9
International Cases in National Courts
21.6
International Arbitrations and Claims Commissions
21.7
United Nations Sources
21.7.1
Verbatim and Summary Records
21.7.2
Resolutions and Decisions
(a)
General Assembly.
(i)
General Assembly resolutions.
(ii)
General Assembly decisions.
(iii)
General Assembly resolutions known by a popular name.
(b)
Security Council resolutions.
(c)
Resolutions issued by other organs.
(d)
Resolutions by subsidiary bodies.
(e)
Short form.
21.7.3
U.N. Reports
(a)
In general.
(b)
Reports of subsidiary bodies to parent organs.
(c)
Reports from the Secretary-General or other officials.
(d)
Reports from conferences.
(e)
Short forms.
21.7.4
Masthead Documents
(a)
Author.
(b)
Title.
(c)
United Nations document symbol.
21.7.5
U.N. Press Releases and Memoranda
21.7.6
Adjudicatory Bodies Established by the United Nations
21.7.7
Sales Publications
(a)
Author and title.
(b)
Pages or paragraphs.
(c)
United Nations document symbol.
(d)
United Nations sales number.
(e)
Year.
21.7.8
Yearbooks and Periodicals
21.7.9
Regional Organization Documents
21.7.10
U.N. Charter
21.7.11
U.N. Internet Materials
21.8
League of Nations
21.9
European Union
(a)
Acts of the Council and Commission.
(i)
Sources.
(ii)
Legislative acts of the Council and Commission.
(iii)
Other publications of the Council and Commission.
(iv)
COM and SEC documents.
(b)
Documents of the European Parliament.
(i)
Debates.
(ii)
Documents.
(c)
Founding treaties.
(e)
Reports, Green Papers, and White Papers.
(f)
Press releases, Presidency Conclusions, and memoranda.
(g)
European Court of Justice materials.
21.10
Council of Europe
21.11
World Trade Organization
(a)
WTO panel and Appellate Body materials.
(b)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) panel decisions.
(c)
Reports.
(d)
Founding agreements.
(e)
Ministerial documents.
(f)
Other documents.
21.12
International Monetary Fund
21.13
Other Intergovernmental Organizations
21.14
International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
21.15
Yearbooks
21.16
Digests
(a)
Annual digests.
(b)
Named digests.
(c)
Foreign digests.
(d)
Digests published as periodical sections.
21.17
Short Citation Forms
(a)
Treaties and other international agreements.
(b)
International law cases and arbitrations.
(c)
United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations materials.
(d)
Yearbooks and digests.
Tables
T1
United States Jurisdictions
T1.1
Federal Judicial and Legislative Materials
T1.2
Federal Administrative and Executive Materials
Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA)
Civilian Board of Contract Appeals (CBCA)
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)
Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
Department of Education
Department of Homeland Security, Bureau of Customs and Border Protection
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Department of the Interior
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Executive Office of the President
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC)
Federal Reserve System
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
International Trade Commission (USITC)
Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
National Mediation Board (NMB)
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC)
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Small Business Administration (SBA)
Social Security Administration (SSA)
Surface Transportation Board (STB)
T1.3
States and the District of Columbia
Alabama (Ala.)
Alaska (Alaska)
Arizona (Ariz.)
Arkansas (Ark.)
California (Cal.)
Colorado (Colo.)
Connecticut (Conn.)
Delaware (Del.)
District of Columbia (D.C.)
Florida (Fla.)
Georgia (Ga.)
Hawaii (Haw.)
Idaho (Idaho)
Illinois (Ill.)
Indiana (Ind.)
Iowa (Iowa)
Kansas (Kan.)
Kentucky (Ky.)
Louisiana (La.)
Maine (Me.)
Maryland (Md.)
Massachusetts (Mass.)
Michigan (Mich.)
Minnesota (Minn.)
Mississippi (Miss.)
Missouri (Mo.)
Montana (Mont.)
Nebraska (Neb.)
Nevada (Nev.)
New Hampshire (N.H.)
New Jersey (N.J.)
New Mexico (N.M.)
New York (N.Y.)
North Carolina (N.C.)
North Dakota (N.D.)
Ohio (Ohio)
Oklahoma (Okla.)
Oregon (Or.)
Pennsylvania (Pa.)
Rhode Island (R.I.)
South Carolina (S.C.)
South Dakota (S.D.)
Tennessee (Tenn.)
Texas (Tex.)
Utah (Utah)
Vermont (Vt.)
Virginia (Va.)
Washington (Wash.)
West Virginia (W. Va.)
Wisconsin (Wis.)
Wyoming (Wyo.)
T1.4
Other United States Jurisdictions
American Samoa
Canal Zone (C.Z.)
Guam (Guam)
Navajo Nation
Northern Mariana Islands (N. Mar. I.)
Oklahoma Native Americans
Puerto Rico (P.R.)
Virgin Islands (V.I.)
T2
Foreign Jurisdictions
T2.1
Argentine Republic
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Periodicals
Internet sources
T2.2
Australia
Cases
Constitution
Statutes and regulations
Treaties
Citation Guide
Internet sources
T2.2.1
Australian States and Territories
Cases
T2.3
Austria, Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and regulations
Periodicals
Legislative materials
Internet sources
T2.3.1
Austrian Länder
Cases
Constitutions
Statutes and regulations
T2.4
Belgium, Kingdom of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Treaties and conventions
Internet sources
T2.5
Brazil, Federative Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes
Statutes and decrees
Treaties and conventions
T2.6
Canada
Cases
Constitutions
Statutes
Regulations
Statutory and regulatory compilations
Session laws and regulations
Treaties
Internet sources
T2.7
Catholic Church
T2.8
Chile, Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Periodicals
Internet sources
T2.9
China, People's Republic of
Cases
Constitutions
Laws
Rules and regulations
Treaties and conventions
Sources
Internet sources
T2.10
Colombia, Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Periodicals
Internet sources
T2.11
Czech Republic
Cases
Constitution
Statutes and regulations
Treaties
Internet sources
T2.12
Egypt, Arab Republic of
Cases
Constitutions
Codes, statutes, and decrees
Internet sources
T2.13
France, Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Treaties and conventions
Internet sources
T2.14
Germany, Federal Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Legislative materials
Treaties and conventions
Internet sources
T2.14.1
German Länder
Cases
Constitutions
Statutes and decrees
Internet sources
T2.15
Greece
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Periodicals
Treaties
Internet sources
T2.16
Hong Kong
Cases
Constitution
Laws and ordinances
Regulations
Internet sources
T2.17
Hungary, Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Statutes and decrees
Codes
Internet sources
T2.18
India
Cases
Constitution
Statutes
Internet sources
T2.19
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Cases
Constitutions
Codes
Statutes and regulations
Official Gazette
Internet sources
T2.20
Iraq, Republic of
Cases
Statutes, codes, and decrees
Constitutions
Internet sources
T2.21
Ireland (Éire), Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Statutory compilations and session laws
Administrative materials
Parliamentary debates
Committee or commission reports
Treaties
Internet sources
T2.22
Israel
Cases
Statutes
Legislative history
Regulations
Treaties
Internet sources
T2.23
Italy, Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Treaties and conventions
Internet sources
T2.24
Japan
Cases
Legislative materials
Constitutions
Codes
Statutes, regulations, and orders
Treaties and conventions
Internet sources
T2.25
Kenya
Cases
Constitution
Legislation
Internet sources
T2.26
Lebanon, Republic of
Romanization
Cases
Statutes and decrees
Official Gazette
Internet sources
T2.27
Mexico
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes
Administrative and executive materials
Regulations
State materials
Periodicals
Books
Internet sources
T2.28
Netherlands, Kingdom of the
Cases
Constitutions
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Periodicals
Treaties and conventions
Internet sources
T2.29
New Zealand
Cases
Statutes, session laws, and regulations
Treaties
Parliamentary debates
New Zealand Gazette
Citation guide
Internet sources
T2.30
Nicaragua
Cases
Constitution
Statutes
Official Gazette
Internet sources
T2.31
Nigeria
Cases
Constitution
Statutes
Internet sources
T2.32
Pakistan, Islamic Republic of
Cases
Constitution
Statutes
Session laws
Regulations
Internet sources
T2.33
Philippines
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Legislation
Treaties
Internet sources
T2.34
Roman Law
T2.35
Russian Federation
Cases
Constitutions
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Administrative regulations
Legislative hearings
Periodicals
Treaties
Internet sources
T2.36
South Africa
Cases
Constitution
Statutes
Other legislation
Parliamentary debates
Law Commission Papers
Periodicals
Internet sources
T2.37
South Korea
Cases
Constitution
Statutes and decrees
Internet sources
T2.38
Spain
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Internet sources
T2.39
Sweden
Cases
Constitutions
Codes
Statutes
Legislative history
Periodicals
Internet sources
T2.40
Switzerland
Cases
Constitution
Codes
Statutes and decrees
Legislative materials
Internet sources
T2.40.1
Swiss Cantons
Cases
Statutes and decrees
Internet sources
T2.41
Taiwan, Republic of China
Cases
Constitution
Statutes, regulations, and decrees
Treaties and conventions
Sources
Internet sources
T2.42
United Kingdom
Cases
Statutes
Parliamentary materials
Treaties
Common abbreviations
Internet sources
T2.42.1
England and Wales
Cases
Welsh statutory instruments
Internet sources
T2.42.2
Northern Ireland (and Ireland Until 1924)
Cases
Statutes
Regulations
Internet sources
T2.42.3
Scotland
Cases
Statutes
Internet sources
T2.43
Zambia, Republic of
Cases
Constitutions
Statutes
Internet sources
T3
Intergovernmental Organizations
T3.1
United Nations
T3.2
League of Nations
T3.3
European Union
T3.4
European Commission of Human Rights
T3.5
European Court of Human Rights
T3.6
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
T3.7
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
T3.8
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
T3.9
Intergovernmental Organizations
T4
Treaty Sources
T4.1
Official U.S. Sources
T4.2
Intergovernmental Treaty sources
T4.3
Unofficial Treaty Sources
T5
Arbitral Reporters
T6
Case Names and Institutional Authors in Citations
T7
Court Names
T8
Explanatory Phrases
T9
Legislative Documents
T10
Geographical Terms
T10.1
U.S. States, Cities, and Territories
States
Cities
Territories
T10.2
Australian States and Canadian Provinces and Territories
Australia
Canada
T10.3
Countries and Regions
T11
Judges and Officials
T12
Months
T13
Periodicals
T13.1 Institutions
T13.2 Common Words
T14
Publishing Terms
T15
Services
T16
Subdivisions